// -*- C++ -*-

//=============================================================================
/**
 *  @file   CDR_Stream.h
 *
 * ACE Common Data Representation (CDR) marshaling and demarshaling
 * classes.
 *
 * This implementation was inspired in the CDR class in SunSoft's
 * IIOP engine, but has a completely different implementation and a
 * different interface too.
 *
 * The current implementation assumes that the host has 1-byte,
 * 2-byte and 4-byte integral types, and that it has single
 * precision and double precision IEEE floats.
 * Those assumptions are pretty good these days, with Crays being
 * the only known exception.
 *
 * Optimizations
 * -------------
 *  ACE_LACKS_CDR_ALIGNMENT
 *  @author Arvind S. Krishna <arvindk@dre.vanderbilt.edu>
 *
 *  CDR stream ignores alignment when marshaling data. Use this option
 *  only when ACE_DISABLE_SWAP_ON_READ can be enabled. This option requires
 *  ACE CDR engine to do both marshaling and demarshaling.
 *
 *  @author TAO version by Aniruddha Gokhale <gokhale@cs.wustl.edu>
 *  @author Carlos O'Ryan <coryan@cs.wustl.edu>
 *  @author ACE version by Jeff Parsons <parsons@cs.wustl.edu>
 *  @author Istvan Buki <istvan.buki@euronet.be>
 *  @author Codeset translation by Jim Rogers <jrogers@viasoft.com>
 */
//=============================================================================

#ifndef ACE_CDR_STREAM_H
#define ACE_CDR_STREAM_H

#include /**/ "ace/pre.h"

#include "ace/CDR_Base.h"

#if !defined (ACE_LACKS_PRAGMA_ONCE)
# pragma once
#endif /* ACE_LACKS_PRAGMA_ONCE */

#include "ace/SStringfwd.h"
#include "ace/Message_Block.h"

#if defined (GEN_OSTREAM_OPS)
#include "ace/streams.h"
#endif /* GEN_OSTREAM_OPS */

#if defined (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS) && (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS == 1)
#include "Monitor_Size.h"
#endif /* ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS==1 */

#include <string>

ACE_BEGIN_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL

class ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator;
class ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator;

class ACE_InputCDR;

/**
 * @class ACE_OutputCDR
 *
 * @brief A CDR stream for marshalling data, most often for transmission to
 * another system which may or may not have the same byte order.
 *
 * This class is based on the the CORBA spec for Java (98-02-29),
 * java class omg.org.CORBA.portable.OutputStream.  It diverts in
 * a few ways:
 * @li Operations taking arrays don't have offsets, because in C++
 *     it is easier to describe an array starting from x+offset.
 * @li Operations return an error status, because exceptions are
 *     not widely available in C++ (yet).
 */
class ACE_Export ACE_OutputCDR
{
public:
  /**
   * The Codeset translators need access to some private members to
   * efficiently marshal arrays
   * For reading from an output CDR stream.
   */
  friend class ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator;
  friend class ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator;
  friend class ACE_InputCDR;

  /**
   * Default constructor; allows one to set byte ordering, allocators, and
   * tuning information.
   *
   * @param size        Causes constructor to preallocate @a size bytes; if
   *                    @a size is 0 it allocates the default size.
   *
   * @param byte_order  The byte order that data will have within this
   *                    object. Unless otherwise specified, the byte order
   *                    will be the order native to the hardware this is
   *                    executed on. To force the marshalled data to have
   *                    a specific order, specify one of the values defined
   *                    in ACE_CDR::Byte_Order.
   *                    @note The @c ACE_ENABLE_SWAP_ON_WRITE config macro
   *                    must be set for any local byte swapping to occur
   *                    as data is inserted into an ACE_OutputCDR object.
   */
  ACE_OutputCDR (size_t size = 0,
                 int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                 ACE_Allocator* buffer_allocator = 0,
                 ACE_Allocator* data_block_allocator = 0,
                 ACE_Allocator* message_block_allocator = 0,
                 size_t memcpy_tradeoff = ACE_DEFAULT_CDR_MEMCPY_TRADEOFF,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// Build a CDR stream with an initial buffer, it will *not* remove
  /// @a data, since it did not allocated it.  It's important to be careful
  /// with the alignment of @a data.
  /**
   * Create an output stream from an arbitrary buffer, care must be
   * exercised with alignment, because this constructor will align if
   * needed.  In this case @a data will not point to the start of the
   * output stream. @c begin()->rd_ptr() points to the start of the
   * output stream.  See @c ACE_ptr_align_binary() to properly align a
   * pointer and use ACE_CDR::MAX_ALIGNMENT for the correct alignment.
   */
  ACE_OutputCDR (char *data,
                 size_t size,
                 int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                 ACE_Allocator* buffer_allocator = 0,
                 ACE_Allocator* data_block_allocator = 0,
                 ACE_Allocator* message_block_allocator = 0,
                 size_t memcpy_tradeoff = ACE_DEFAULT_CDR_MEMCPY_TRADEOFF,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet giop_major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet giop_minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// Build a CDR stream with an initial data block, it will *not* remove
  /// @a data_block, since it did not allocated it.  It's important to be
  /// careful with the alignment of @a data_block.
  /**
   * Create an output stream from an arbitrary data block, care must be
   * exercised with alignment, because this constructor will align if
   * needed.  In this case @a data_block will not point to the
   * start of the output stream. begin()->rd_ptr() points to the start
   * off the output stream.  See ACE_ptr_align_binary() to properly align a
   * pointer and use ACE_CDR::MAX_ALIGNMENT for the correct alignment.
   */
  ACE_OutputCDR (ACE_Data_Block *data_block,
                 int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                 ACE_Allocator* message_block_allocator = 0,
                 size_t memcpy_tradeoff = ACE_DEFAULT_CDR_MEMCPY_TRADEOFF,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet giop_major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet giop_minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// Build a CDR stream with an initial Message_Block chain, it will
  /// *not* remove @a data, since it did not allocate it.
  ACE_OutputCDR (ACE_Message_Block *data,
                 int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                 size_t memcpy_tradeoff = ACE_DEFAULT_CDR_MEMCPY_TRADEOFF,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet giop_major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                 ACE_CDR::Octet giop_minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// destructor
  ~ACE_OutputCDR ();

  /**
   * Disambiguate overload when inserting booleans, octets, chars, and
   * bounded strings.
   */
  //@{ @name Helper classes

  struct ACE_Export from_boolean
  {
    explicit from_boolean (ACE_CDR::Boolean b);
    ACE_CDR::Boolean val_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_octet
  {
    explicit from_octet (ACE_CDR::Octet o);
    ACE_CDR::Octet val_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_char
  {
    explicit from_char (ACE_CDR::Char c);
    ACE_CDR::Char val_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_wchar
  {
    explicit from_wchar (ACE_CDR::WChar wc);
    ACE_CDR::WChar val_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_int8
  {
    explicit from_int8 (ACE_CDR::Int8 val);
    ACE_CDR::Int8 val_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_uint8
  {
    explicit from_uint8 (ACE_CDR::UInt8 val);
    ACE_CDR::UInt8 val_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_string
  {
    from_string (ACE_CDR::Char* s,
                 ACE_CDR::ULong b,
                 ACE_CDR::Boolean nocopy = 0);
    from_string (const ACE_CDR::Char* s,
                 ACE_CDR::ULong b,
                 ACE_CDR::Boolean nocopy = 0);
    ACE_CDR::Char *val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
    ACE_CDR::Boolean nocopy_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_wstring
  {
    from_wstring (ACE_CDR::WChar* ws,
                  ACE_CDR::ULong b,
                  ACE_CDR::Boolean nocopy = 0);
    from_wstring (const ACE_CDR::WChar* ws,
                  ACE_CDR::ULong b,
                  ACE_CDR::Boolean nocopy = 0);
    ACE_CDR::WChar *val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
    ACE_CDR::Boolean nocopy_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export from_std_string
  {
    from_std_string (const std::string &s,
                     ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    const std::string &val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
  };

#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
  struct ACE_Export from_std_wstring
  {
    from_std_wstring (const std::wstring &ws,
                      ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    const std::wstring &val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
  };
#endif
  //@}

  /**
   * @{ @name Write operations
   * Return 0 on failure and 1 on success.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_boolean (ACE_CDR::Boolean x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_char (ACE_CDR::Char x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wchar (ACE_CDR::WChar x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_octet (ACE_CDR::Octet x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_short (ACE_CDR::Short x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_ushort (ACE_CDR::UShort x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_long (ACE_CDR::Long x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_ulong (ACE_CDR::ULong x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_longlong (const ACE_CDR::LongLong &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_ulonglong (const ACE_CDR::ULongLong &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_float (ACE_CDR::Float x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_double (const ACE_CDR::Double &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_longdouble (const ACE_CDR::LongDouble &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_fixed (const ACE_CDR::Fixed &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_int8 (ACE_CDR::Int8 x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_uint8 (ACE_CDR::UInt8 x);

  /// For string we offer methods that accept a precomputed length.
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_string (const ACE_CDR::Char *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_string (ACE_CDR::ULong len,
                                 const ACE_CDR::Char *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_string (const ACE_CString &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wstring (const ACE_CDR::WChar *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wstring (ACE_CDR::ULong length,
                                  const ACE_CDR::WChar *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_string (const std::string &x);
#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wstring (const std::wstring &x);
#endif

  //@}

  /// @note the portion written starts at @a x and ends
  ///    at @a x + @a length.
  /// The length is *NOT* stored into the CDR stream.
  //@{ @name Array write operations
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_boolean_array (const ACE_CDR::Boolean *x,
                                        ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_char_array (const ACE_CDR::Char *x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wchar_array (const ACE_CDR::WChar* x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_octet_array (const ACE_CDR::Octet* x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_short_array (const ACE_CDR::Short *x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_ushort_array (const ACE_CDR::UShort *x,
                                       ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_long_array (const ACE_CDR::Long *x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_ulong_array (const ACE_CDR::ULong *x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_longlong_array (const ACE_CDR::LongLong* x,
                                         ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_ulonglong_array (const ACE_CDR::ULongLong *x,
                                          ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_float_array (const ACE_CDR::Float *x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_double_array (const ACE_CDR::Double *x,
                                       ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_longdouble_array (const ACE_CDR::LongDouble* x,
                                           ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_int8_array (const ACE_CDR::Int8 *x, ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_uint8_array (const ACE_CDR::UInt8 *x, ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /// Write an octet array contained inside a MB, this can be optimized
  /// to minimize copies.
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_octet_array_mb (const ACE_Message_Block* mb);
  //@}

  /**
   * @{ @name Placeholder/replace operations
   * Facilitates writing a placeholder into a CDR stream to be replaced
   * later with a different value.
   *
   * @note An example use for this facility is:
   * @code
        ACE_OutputCDR strm;
        ...   // insert values...
        char *pos = strm.write_long_placeholder ();
        ...   // insert more values
        ACE_CDR::Long real_val;       // Somehow assign the "correct" value
        strm.replace (real_val, pos); // Replace earlier placeholder
      @endcode
  */

  /**
   * Write a placeholder into the stream. The placeholder's pointer
   * is returned so it may later be passed as the @a loc argument to
   * replace ().
   * These methods align the stream's write pointer properly prior to
   * writing the placeholder.
   *
   * @retval Pointer to the placeholder; 0 if there is not enough space
   *         in the stream and memory could not be allocated.
   */
  char* write_long_placeholder ();
  char* write_short_placeholder ();
  char* write_boolean_placeholder ();
  char* write_char_placeholder ();
  char* write_longlong_placeholder ();
  char* write_octet_placeholder ();
  char* write_float_placeholder ();
  char* write_double_placeholder ();

  /**
   * Writes a new value into a specific location. This is commonly
   * used to update a prior "placeholder" location in the stream.
   * The specified location is assumed to have proper CDR alignment for the
   * type to insert. This requirement is satisfied by using one of the
   * placeholder-writing methods to align the stream for the anticipated
   * value and obtain the correct location.
   * Treatment of @a x with respect to byte swapping is the same as for when
   * any value is inserted.
   *
   * @param x   The value to insert into the specified location.
   * @param loc The location at which to insert @a x. @a loc must be a valid
   *            position within the stream's current set of message blocks.
   *
   * @sa write_long_placeholder(), write_short_placeholder ()
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Long x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::ULong x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Short x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::UShort x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Boolean x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Char x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::LongLong x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::ULongLong x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Octet x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Float x, char* loc);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean replace (ACE_CDR::Double x, char* loc);
  //@}

  /**
   * Return 0 on failure and 1 on success.
   */
  //@{ @name Append contents of own CDR stream to another
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_boolean (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_char (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_wchar (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_octet (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_short (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_ushort (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_long (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_ulong (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_longlong (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_ulonglong (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_float (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_double (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_longdouble (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_fixed (ACE_InputCDR &);

  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_wstring (ACE_InputCDR &);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean append_string (ACE_InputCDR &);
  //@}

  /// Returns @c false if an error has occurred.
  /**
   * @note The only expected error is to run out of memory.
   */
  bool good_bit () const;

  /// Reuse the CDR stream to write on the old buffer.
  void reset ();

  /// Add the length of each message block in the chain.
  size_t total_length () const;

  /**
   * Return the start of the message block chain for this CDR stream.
   * @note The complete CDR stream is represented by a chain of
   * message blocks.
   */
  const ACE_Message_Block *begin () const;

  /// Return the last message in the chain that is is use.
  const ACE_Message_Block *end () const;

  /// Return the <current_> message block in chain.
  const ACE_Message_Block *current () const;

  /// Replace the message block chain with a single message block.
  /**
   * Upon successful completion, there will be a single message block
   * containing the data from the complete message block chain.
   *
   * @note The only expected error is to run out of memory.
   */
  int consolidate ();

  /**
   * Access the underlying buffer (read only).  @note This
   * method only returns a pointer to the first block in the
   * chain.
   */
  const char *buffer () const;

  /**
   * Return the size of first message block in the block chain. @note This
   * method only returns information about the first block in the
   * chain.
   */
  size_t length () const;

  /**
   * Utility function to allow the user more flexibility.
   * Pads the stream up to the nearest @a alignment byte boundary.
   * Argument MUST be a power of 2.
   * Returns 0 on success and -1 on failure.
   */
  int align_write_ptr (size_t alignment);

  /// Access the codeset translators. They can be null!
  ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator *char_translator () const;
  ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator *wchar_translator () const;

  /// Set the char codeset translator.
  void char_translator (ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator *);
  /// Set the wchar codeset translator.
  void wchar_translator (ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator *);

  /// set the global size of serialized wchars. This may be different
  /// than the size of a wchar_t.
  static void wchar_maxbytes (size_t max_bytes);

  /// access the serialized size of wchars.
  static size_t wchar_maxbytes ();

  /**
   * Return alignment of the wr_ptr(), with respect to the start of
   * the CDR stream.  This is not the same as the alignment of
   * current->wr_ptr()!
   */
  size_t current_alignment () const;

  void current_alignment (size_t current_alignment);

  /**
   * Returns (in @a buf) the next position in the buffer aligned to
   * @a size, it advances the Message_Block wr_ptr past the data
   * (i.e., @a buf + @a size). If necessary it grows the Message_Block
   * buffer.  Sets the good_bit to false and returns a -1 on failure.
   */
  int adjust (size_t size,
              char *&buf);

  /// As above, but now the size and alignment requirements may be
  /// different.
  int adjust (size_t size,
              size_t align,
              char *&buf);

  /// Returns true if this stream is writing in non-native byte order
  /// and false otherwise. For example, it would be true if either
  /// ACE_ENABLE_SWAP_ON_WRITE is defined or a specific byte order was
  /// specified for this stream.
  bool do_byte_swap () const;

  /// Returns the byte order this stream is marshaling data in. Will be one
  /// of the values in ACE_CDR::Byte_Order.
  int byte_order () const;

  /// For use by a gateway, which creates the output stream for the
  /// reply to the client in its native byte order, but which must
  /// send the reply in the byte order of the target's reply to the
  /// gateway.
  void reset_byte_order (int byte_order);

  /// Set GIOP version info
  void set_version (ACE_CDR::Octet major, ACE_CDR::Octet minor);

  /// Set the underlying GIOP version..
  void get_version (ACE_CDR::Octet &major, ACE_CDR::Octet &minor);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS) && (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS == 1)
  /// Register and unregister our buffer size monitor.
  void register_monitor (const char* id);
  void unregister_monitor (void);
#endif /* ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS==1 */

private:
  // Find the message block in the chain of message blocks
  // that the provide location locates.
  ACE_Message_Block* find (char* loc);

  ACE_OutputCDR (const ACE_OutputCDR&) = delete;
  ACE_OutputCDR& operator= (const ACE_OutputCDR&) = delete;
  ACE_OutputCDR (ACE_OutputCDR&&) = delete;
  ACE_OutputCDR& operator= (ACE_OutputCDR&&) = delete;

  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_1 (const ACE_CDR::Octet *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_2 (const ACE_CDR::UShort *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_4 (const ACE_CDR::ULong *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_8 (const ACE_CDR::ULongLong *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_16 (const ACE_CDR::LongDouble *x);

  /**
   * write an array of @a length elements, each of @a size bytes and the
   * start aligned at a multiple of @a align. The elements are assumed
   * to be packed with the right alignment restrictions.  It is mostly
   * designed for buffers of the basic types.
   *
   * This operation uses @c memcpy; as explained above it is expected
   * that using assignment is faster that @c memcpy for one element,
   * but for several elements @c memcpy should be more efficient, it
   * could be interesting to find the break even point and optimize
   * for that case, but that would be too platform dependent.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_array (const void *x,
                                size_t size,
                                size_t align,
                                ACE_CDR::ULong length);


  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wchar_array_i (const ACE_CDR::WChar* x,
                                        ACE_CDR::ULong length);


  /**
   * Grow the CDR stream. When it returns @a buf contains a pointer to
   * memory in the CDR stream, with at least @a size bytes ahead of it
   * and aligned to an @a align boundary. It moved the <wr_ptr> to <buf
   * + size>.
   */
  int grow_and_adjust (size_t size,
                       size_t align,
                       char *&buf);

private:
  /// The start of the chain of message blocks.
  ACE_Message_Block start_;

  /// The current block in the chain where we are writing.
  ACE_Message_Block *current_;

#if !defined (ACE_LACKS_CDR_ALIGNMENT)
  /**
   * The current alignment as measured from the start of the buffer.
   * Usually this coincides with the alignment of the buffer in
   * memory, but, when we chain another buffer this "quasi invariant"
   * is broken.
   * The current_alignment is used to readjust the buffer following
   * the stolen message block.
   */
  size_t current_alignment_;
#endif /* ACE_LACKS_CDR_ALIGNMENT */

  /**
   * Is the current block writable.  When we steal a buffer from the
   * user and just chain it into the message block we are not supposed
   * to write on it, even if it is past the start and end of the
   * buffer.
   */
  bool current_is_writable_;

  /**
   * If not zero swap bytes at writing so the created CDR stream byte
   * order does *not* match the machine byte order.  The motivation
   * for such a beast is that in some setting a few (fast) machines
   * can be serving hundreds of slow machines with the opposite byte
   * order, so it makes sense (as a load balancing device) to put the
   * responsibility in the writers.
   *
   * @warning THIS IS NOT A STANDARD IN CORBA, USE AT YOUR OWN RISK
   */
  bool do_byte_swap_;

  /// Set to false when an error ocurrs.
  bool good_bit_;

  /// Break-even point for copying.
  size_t const memcpy_tradeoff_;

#if defined (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS) && (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS == 1)
  ACE::Monitor_Control::Size_Monitor *monitor_;
#endif /* ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS==1 */

protected:
  /// GIOP version information
  ACE_CDR::Octet major_version_;
  ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version_;

  /// If not nil, invoke for translation of character and string data.
  ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator *char_translator_;
  ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator *wchar_translator_;

  /**
   * Some wide char codesets may be defined with a maximum number
   * of bytes that is smaller than the size of a wchar_t. This means
   * that the CDR cannot simply memcpy a block of wchars to and from
   * the stream, but must instead realign the bytes appropriately.
   * In cases when wchar i/o is not allowed, such as with GIOP 1.0,
   * or not having a native wchar codeset defined, the maxbytes is
   * set to zero, indicating no wchar data is allowed.
   */
  static size_t wchar_maxbytes_;
};


// ****************************************************************

/**
 * @class ACE_InputCDR
 *
 * @brief A CDR stream for demarshalling CDR-encoded data.
 *
 * This class is based on the the CORBA spec for Java (98-02-29),
 * java class omg.org.CORBA.portable.InputStream.  It diverts in a
 * few ways:
 * @li Operations to retrieve basic types take parameters by
 *     reference.
 * @li Operations taking arrays don't have offsets, because in C++
 *     it is easier to describe an array starting from x+offset.
 * @li Operations return an error status, because exceptions are
 *     not widely available in C++ (yet).
 */
class ACE_Export ACE_InputCDR
{
public:
  // The translators need privileged access to efficiently demarshal
  // arrays and such.
  friend class ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator;
  friend class ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator;

  /**
   * Create an input stream from an arbitrary buffer.  The buffer must
   * be properly aligned because this constructor will *not* work if
   * the buffer is aligned unproperly.See ACE_ptr_align_binary() for
   * instructions on how to align a pointer properly and use
   * ACE_CDR::MAX_ALIGNMENT for the correct alignment.
   */
  ACE_InputCDR (const char *buf,
                size_t bufsiz,
                int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                ACE_CDR::Octet major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// Create an empty input stream. The caller is responsible for
  /// putting the right data and providing the right alignment.
  ACE_InputCDR (size_t bufsiz,
                int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                ACE_CDR::Octet major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// Create an input stream from an ACE_Message_Block
  /**
   * The alignment of the @a data block is carried into the new
   * ACE_InputCDR object. This constructor either increments the
   * @a data reference count, or copies the data (if it's a compound
   * message block) so the caller can release the block immediately
   * upon return.
   */
  ACE_InputCDR (const ACE_Message_Block *data,
                int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                ACE_CDR::Octet major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION,
                ACE_Lock* lock = 0);

  /// Create an input stream from an ACE_Data_Block. The @a flag
  /// indicates whether the @a data can be deleted by the CDR stream
  /// or not
  ACE_InputCDR (ACE_Data_Block *data,
                ACE_Message_Block::Message_Flags flag = 0,
                int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                ACE_CDR::Octet major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /// Create an input stream from an ACE_Data_Block. It also sets the
  /// read and write pointers at the desired positions. This would be
  /// helpful if the applications desires to create a new CDR stream
  /// from a semi-processed datablock.
  ACE_InputCDR (ACE_Data_Block *data,
                ACE_Message_Block::Message_Flags flag,
                size_t read_pointer_position,
                size_t write_pointer_position,
                int byte_order = ACE_CDR::BYTE_ORDER_NATIVE,
                ACE_CDR::Octet major_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MAJOR_VERSION,
                ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version = ACE_CDR_GIOP_MINOR_VERSION);

  /**
   * These make a copy of the current stream state, but do not copy
   * the internal buffer, so the same stream can be read multiple
   * times efficiently.
   */
  ACE_InputCDR (const ACE_InputCDR& rhs);

  ACE_InputCDR& operator= (const ACE_InputCDR& rhs);

  /// When interpreting indirected TypeCodes it is useful to make a
  /// "copy" of the stream starting in the new position.
  ACE_InputCDR (const ACE_InputCDR& rhs,
                size_t size,
                ACE_CDR::Long offset);

  /// This creates an encapsulated stream, the first byte must be (per
  /// the spec) the byte order of the encapsulation.
  ACE_InputCDR (const ACE_InputCDR& rhs,
                size_t size);

  /// Create an input CDR from an output CDR.
  ACE_InputCDR (const ACE_OutputCDR& rhs,
                ACE_Allocator* buffer_allocator = 0,
                ACE_Allocator* data_block_allocator = 0,
                ACE_Allocator* message_block_allocator = 0);

  /// Helper class to transfer the contents from one input CDR to
  /// another without requiring any extra memory allocations, data
  /// copies or too many temporaries.
  struct ACE_Export Transfer_Contents
  {
    Transfer_Contents (ACE_InputCDR &rhs);

    ACE_InputCDR &rhs_;
  };
  /// Transfer the contents from @a rhs to a new CDR
  ACE_InputCDR (Transfer_Contents rhs);

  /// Destructor
  virtual ~ACE_InputCDR ();

  /// Disambiguate overloading when extracting octets, chars,
  /// booleans, and bounded strings
  //@{ @name Helper classes

  struct ACE_Export to_boolean
  {
    explicit to_boolean (ACE_CDR::Boolean &b);
    ACE_CDR::Boolean &ref_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_char
  {
    explicit to_char (ACE_CDR::Char &c);
    ACE_CDR::Char &ref_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_wchar
  {
    explicit to_wchar (ACE_CDR::WChar &wc);
    ACE_CDR::WChar &ref_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_octet
  {
    explicit to_octet (ACE_CDR::Octet &o);
    ACE_CDR::Octet &ref_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_int8
  {
    explicit to_int8 (ACE_CDR::Int8 &ref);
    ACE_CDR::Int8 &ref_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_uint8
  {
    explicit to_uint8 (ACE_CDR::UInt8 &ref);
    ACE_CDR::UInt8 &ref_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_string
  {
    /**
     * @deprecated The constructor taking a non-const string is now
     *             deprecated (C++ mapping 00-01-02), but we keep it
     *             around for backward compatibility.
     */
    to_string (ACE_CDR::Char *&s,
               ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    to_string (const ACE_CDR::Char *&s,
               ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    const ACE_CDR::Char *&val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
  };

  struct ACE_Export to_wstring
  {
    /// The constructor taking a non-const wstring is
    /// now deprecated (C++ mapping 00-01-02), but we
    /// keep it around for backward compatibility.
    to_wstring (ACE_CDR::WChar *&ws,
                ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    to_wstring (const ACE_CDR::WChar *&ws,
                ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    const ACE_CDR::WChar *&val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
  };

  /// Helper classes for extracting bounded strings into std::string/wstring.
  struct ACE_Export to_std_string
  {
    to_std_string (std::string &s,
                   ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    std::string &val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
  };

#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
  struct ACE_Export to_std_wstring
  {
    to_std_wstring (std::wstring &ws,
                    ACE_CDR::ULong b);
    std::wstring &val_;
    ACE_CDR::ULong bound_;
  };
#endif /* ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING */
  //@}

  /**
   * Return @c false on failure and @c true on success.
   */
  //@{ @name Read basic IDL types
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_boolean (ACE_CDR::Boolean& x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_char (ACE_CDR::Char &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wchar (ACE_CDR::WChar& x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_octet (ACE_CDR::Octet& x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_short (ACE_CDR::Short &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_ushort (ACE_CDR::UShort &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_long (ACE_CDR::Long &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_ulong (ACE_CDR::ULong &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_longlong (ACE_CDR::LongLong& x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_ulonglong (ACE_CDR::ULongLong& x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_float (ACE_CDR::Float &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_double (ACE_CDR::Double &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_longdouble (ACE_CDR::LongDouble &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_fixed (ACE_CDR::Fixed &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_int8 (ACE_CDR::Int8 &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_uint8 (ACE_CDR::UInt8 &x);

  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_string (ACE_CDR::Char *&x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_string (ACE_CString &x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wstring (ACE_CDR::WChar*& x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_string (std::string& x);
#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wstring (std::wstring& x);
#endif
  //@}

  /**
   * The buffer @a x must be large enough to contain @a length
   * elements.
   * Return @c false on failure and @c true on success.
   */
  //@{ @name Read basic IDL types arrays
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_boolean_array (ACE_CDR::Boolean* x,
                                       ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_char_array (ACE_CDR::Char *x,
                                    ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wchar_array (ACE_CDR::WChar* x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_octet_array (ACE_CDR::Octet* x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_short_array (ACE_CDR::Short *x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_ushort_array (ACE_CDR::UShort *x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_long_array (ACE_CDR::Long *x,
                                    ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_ulong_array (ACE_CDR::ULong *x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_longlong_array (ACE_CDR::LongLong* x,
                                        ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_ulonglong_array (ACE_CDR::ULongLong* x,
                                         ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_float_array (ACE_CDR::Float *x,
                                     ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_double_array (ACE_CDR::Double *x,
                                      ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_longdouble_array (ACE_CDR::LongDouble* x,
                                          ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_int8_array (ACE_CDR::Int8 *x, ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_uint8_array (ACE_CDR::UInt8 *x, ACE_CDR::ULong length);
  //@}

  /**
   * Return @c false on failure and @c true on success.
   */
  //@{ @name Skip elements
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_boolean ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_char ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_wchar ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_octet ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_short ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_ushort ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_long ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_ulong ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_longlong ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_ulonglong ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_float ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_double ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_longdouble ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_fixed ();
  //@}

  /**
   * The next field must be a string, this method skips it. It is
   * useful in parsing a TypeCode.
   * @return @c false on failure and @c true on success.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_wstring ();
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_string ();

  /// Skip @a n bytes in the CDR stream.
  /**
   * @return @c false on failure and @c true on success.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean skip_bytes (size_t n);

  /// returns @c false if a problem has been detected.
  bool good_bit () const;

  /**
   * @return The start of the message block chain for this CDR
   *         stream.
   *
   * @note In the current implementation the chain has length 1, but
   *       we are planning to change that.
   */
  const ACE_Message_Block* start () const;

  // = The following functions are useful to read the contents of the
  //   CDR stream from a socket or file.

  /**
   * Grow the internal buffer, reset @c rd_ptr to the first byte in
   * the new buffer that is properly aligned, and set @c wr_ptr to @c
   * rd_ptr @c + @c newsize
   */
  int grow (size_t newsize);

  /**
   * After reading and partially parsing the contents the user can
   * detect a change in the byte order, this method will let him/her
   * change it.
   */
  void reset_byte_order (int byte_order);

  /// Re-initialize the CDR stream, copying the contents of the chain
  /// of message_blocks starting from @a data.
  void reset (const ACE_Message_Block *data,
              int byte_order);

  /// Steal the contents from the current CDR.
  ACE_Message_Block *steal_contents ();

  /// Steal the contents of @a cdr and make a shallow copy into this
  /// stream.
  void steal_from (ACE_InputCDR &cdr);

  /// Exchange data blocks with the caller of this method. The read
  /// and write pointers are also exchanged.
  /**
   * @note We now do only with the start_ message block.
   */
  void exchange_data_blocks (ACE_InputCDR &cdr);

  /// Copy the data portion from the @a cdr to this cdr and return the
  /// data content (ie. the ACE_Data_Block) from this CDR to the
  /// caller.
  /**
   * @note The caller is responsible for managing the memory of the
   *       returned ACE_Data_Block.
   */
  ACE_Data_Block* clone_from (ACE_InputCDR &cdr);

  /// Re-initialize the CDR stream, forgetting about the old contents
  /// of the stream and allocating a new buffer (from the allocators).
  void reset_contents ();

  /// Returns the current position for the @c rd_ptr.
  char* rd_ptr ();

  /// Returns the current position for the @c wr_ptr.
  char* wr_ptr ();

  /// Return how many bytes are left in the stream.
  size_t length () const;

  /**
   * Utility function to allow the user more flexibility.
   * Skips up to the nearest @a alignment-byte boundary.
   * Argument MUST be a power of 2.
   *
   * @return 0 on success and -1 on failure.
   */
  int align_read_ptr (size_t alignment);

  /// If @c true then this stream is writing in non-native byte order.
  /// This is only meaningful if ACE_ENABLE_SWAP_ON_WRITE is defined.
  bool do_byte_swap () const;

  /// If @c do_byte_swap() returns @c false, this returns
  /// ACE_CDR_BYTE_ORDER else it returns !ACE_CDR_BYTE_ORDER.
  int byte_order () const;

  /// Access the codeset translators. They can be nil!
  ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator *char_translator () const;
  ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator *wchar_translator () const;

  /// Set the codeset translators.
  void char_translator (ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator *);
  void wchar_translator (ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator *);

  /**
   * Returns (in @a buf) the next position in the buffer aligned to
   * @a size.  It advances the Message_Block @c rd_ptr past the data
   * (i.e., @c buf @c + @c size).  Sets the good_bit to @c false and
   * returns a -1 on failure.
   */
  int adjust (size_t size,
              char *&buf);

  /// As above, but now the size and alignment requirements may be
  /// different.
  int adjust (size_t size,
              size_t align,
              char *&buf);

  /// Set the underlying GIOP version..
  void set_version (ACE_CDR::Octet major, ACE_CDR::Octet minor);

  /// Set the underlying GIOP version..
  void get_version (ACE_CDR::Octet &major, ACE_CDR::Octet &minor);

#if defined (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS) && (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS == 1)
  /// Register and unregister our buffer size monitor.
  void register_monitor (const char* id);
  void unregister_monitor (void);
#endif /* ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS==1 */

protected:

  /// The start of the chain of message blocks, even though in the
  /// current version the chain always has length 1.
  ACE_Message_Block start_;

  /// The CDR stream byte order does not match the one on the machine,
  /// swapping is needed while reading.
  bool do_byte_swap_;

  /// set to @c false when an error occurs.
  bool good_bit_;

  /// The GIOP versions for this stream
  ACE_CDR::Octet major_version_;
  ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version_;

  /// If not nil, invoke for translation of character and string data.
  ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator *char_translator_;
  ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator *wchar_translator_;

#if defined (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS) && (ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS == 1)
  ACE::Monitor_Control::Size_Monitor *monitor_;
#endif /* ACE_HAS_MONITOR_POINTS==1 */

private:
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_1 (ACE_CDR::Octet *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_2 (ACE_CDR::UShort *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_4 (ACE_CDR::ULong *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_8 (ACE_CDR::ULongLong *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_16 (ACE_CDR::LongDouble *x);

  // Several types can be read using the same routines, since TAO
  // tries to use native types with known size for each CORBA type.
  // We could use void* or char* to make the interface more
  // consistent, but using native types let us exploit the strict
  // alignment requirements of CDR streams and implement the
  // operations using assignment.

  /**
   * Read an array of @a length elements, each of @a size bytes and the
   * start aligned at a multiple of @a align. The elements are assumed
   * to be packed with the right alignment restrictions.  It is mostly
   * designed for buffers of the basic types.
   *
   * This operation uses @c memcpy; as explained above it is expected
   * that using assignment is faster that @c memcpy for one element,
   * but for several elements @c memcpy should be more efficient, it
   * could be interesting to find the break even point and optimize
   * for that case, but that would be too platform dependent.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_array (void* x,
                               size_t size,
                               size_t align,
                               ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /**
   * On those occasions when the native codeset for wchar is smaller than
   * the size of a wchar_t, such as using UTF-16 with a 4-byte wchar_t, a
   * special form of reading the array is needed. Actually, this should be
   * a default translator.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wchar_array_i (ACE_CDR::WChar * x,
                                       ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /// Move the rd_ptr ahead by @a offset bytes.
  void rd_ptr (size_t offset);

  /// Points to the continuation field of the current message block.
  char* end ();
};

// ****************************************************************

/**
 * @class ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator
 *
 * @brief Codeset translation routines common to both Output and Input
 * CDR streams.
 *
 * This class is a base class for defining codeset translation
 * routines to handle the character set translations required by
 * both CDR Input streams and CDR Output streams.
 *
 * Translators are reference counted. This allows for stateful as well
 * as stateless translators. Stateless translators will be allocated
 * once whereas CDR Streams own their own copy of a stateful translator.
 */
class ACE_Export ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator
{
public:
  virtual ~ACE_Char_Codeset_Translator ();

  /// Read a single character from the stream, converting from the
  /// stream codeset to the native codeset
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_char (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                      ACE_CDR::Char&) = 0;

  /// Read a string from the stream, including the length, converting
  /// the characters from the stream codeset to the native codeset
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_string (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                        ACE_CDR::Char *&) = 0;

  /// Read a std::string from the stream, including the length, converting
  /// the characters from the stream codeset to the native codeset
  /// (provide non-optimized default implementation)
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_string (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                        std::string &);

  /// Read an array of characters from the stream, converting the
  /// characters from the stream codeset to the native codeset.
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_char_array (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                            ACE_CDR::Char*,
                                            ACE_CDR::ULong) = 0;

  /// Write a single character to the stream, converting from the
  /// native codeset to the stream codeset
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean write_char (ACE_OutputCDR&,
                                       ACE_CDR::Char) = 0;

  /// Write a string to the stream, including the length, converting
  /// from the native codeset to the stream codeset
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean write_string (ACE_OutputCDR&,
                                         ACE_CDR::ULong,
                                         const ACE_CDR::Char*) = 0;

  /// Write an array of characters to the stream, converting from the
  /// native codeset to the stream codeset
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean write_char_array (ACE_OutputCDR&,
                                             const ACE_CDR::Char*,
                                             ACE_CDR::ULong) = 0;

  virtual ACE_CDR::ULong ncs () = 0;
  virtual ACE_CDR::ULong tcs () = 0;
protected:
  /// Children have access to low-level routines because they cannot
  /// use read_char or something similar (it would recurse).
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_1 (ACE_InputCDR& input,
                           ACE_CDR::Octet *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_1 (ACE_OutputCDR& output,
                            const ACE_CDR::Octet *x);

  /// Efficiently read @a length elements of size @a size each from
  /// @a input into @a x; the data must be aligned to @a align.
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_array (ACE_InputCDR& input,
                               void* x,
                               size_t size,
                               size_t align,
                               ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /**
   * Efficiently write @a length elements of size @a size from <x> into
   * <output>. Before inserting the elements enough padding is added
   * to ensure that the elements will be aligned to <align> in the
   * stream.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_array (ACE_OutputCDR& output,
                                const void *x,
                                size_t size,
                                size_t align,
                                ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /**
   * Exposes the stream implementation of <adjust>, this is useful in
   * many cases to minimize memory allocations during marshaling.
   * On success @a buf will contain a contiguous area in the CDR stream
   * that can hold @a size bytes aligned to @a align.
   * Results
   */
  int adjust (ACE_OutputCDR& out,
              size_t size,
              size_t align,
              char *&buf);

  /// Used by derived classes to set errors in the CDR stream.
  void good_bit (ACE_OutputCDR& out, bool bit);

  /// Obtain the CDR Stream's major & minor version values.
  ACE_CDR::Octet major_version (ACE_InputCDR& input);
  ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version (ACE_InputCDR& input);
  ACE_CDR::Octet major_version (ACE_OutputCDR& output);
  ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version (ACE_OutputCDR& output);
};

// ****************************************************************

/**
 * @class ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator
 *
 * @brief Codeset translation routines common to both Output and Input
 * CDR streams.
 *
 * This class is a base class for defining codeset translation
 * routines to handle the character set translations required by
 * both CDR Input streams and CDR Output streams.
 */
class ACE_Export ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator
{
public:
  virtual ~ACE_WChar_Codeset_Translator ();

  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wchar (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                       ACE_CDR::WChar&) = 0;
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wstring (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                         ACE_CDR::WChar *&) = 0;
#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
  /// Read a std::wstring from the stream, including the length, converting
  /// the characters from the stream codeset to the native codeset
  /// (provide non-optimized default implementation)
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wstring (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                         std::wstring &);
#endif
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean read_wchar_array (ACE_InputCDR&,
                                             ACE_CDR::WChar*,
                                             ACE_CDR::ULong) = 0;
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wchar (ACE_OutputCDR&,
                                        ACE_CDR::WChar) = 0;
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wstring (ACE_OutputCDR&,
                                          ACE_CDR::ULong,
                                          const ACE_CDR::WChar*) = 0;
  virtual ACE_CDR::Boolean write_wchar_array (ACE_OutputCDR&,
                                              const ACE_CDR::WChar*,
                                              ACE_CDR::ULong) = 0;

  virtual ACE_CDR::ULong ncs () = 0;
  virtual ACE_CDR::ULong tcs () = 0;
protected:
  /// Children have access to low-level routines because they cannot
  /// use read_char or something similar (it would recurse).
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_1 (ACE_InputCDR& input,
                           ACE_CDR::Octet *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_2 (ACE_InputCDR& input,
                           ACE_CDR::UShort *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_4 (ACE_InputCDR& input,
                           ACE_CDR::ULong *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_1 (ACE_OutputCDR& output,
                            const ACE_CDR::Octet *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_2 (ACE_OutputCDR& output,
                            const ACE_CDR::UShort *x);
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_4 (ACE_OutputCDR& output,
                            const ACE_CDR::ULong *x);

  /// Efficiently read @a length elements of size @a size each from
  /// @a input into @a x; the data must be aligned to @a align.
  ACE_CDR::Boolean read_array (ACE_InputCDR& input,
                               void* x,
                               size_t size,
                               size_t align,
                               ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /**
   * Efficiently write @a length elements of size @a size from @a x into
   * @a output. Before inserting the elements enough padding is added
   * to ensure that the elements will be aligned to @a align in the
   * stream.
   */
  ACE_CDR::Boolean write_array (ACE_OutputCDR& output,
                                const void *x,
                                size_t size,
                                size_t align,
                                ACE_CDR::ULong length);

  /**
   * Exposes the stream implementation of @a adjust, this is useful in
   * many cases to minimize memory allocations during marshaling.
   * On success @a buf will contain a contiguous area in the CDR stream
   * that can hold @a size bytes aligned to @a align.
   * Results
   */
  int adjust (ACE_OutputCDR& out,
              size_t size,
              size_t align,
              char *&buf);

  /// Used by derived classes to set errors in the CDR stream.
  void good_bit (ACE_OutputCDR& out, bool bit);

  /// Obtain the CDR Stream's major & minor version values.
  ACE_CDR::Octet major_version (ACE_InputCDR& input);
  ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version (ACE_InputCDR& input);
  ACE_CDR::Octet major_version (ACE_OutputCDR& output);
  ACE_CDR::Octet minor_version (ACE_OutputCDR& output);

};

// @@ These operators should not be inlined since they force SString.h
//    to be included in this header.
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               const ACE_CString &x);

extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CString &x);


ACE_END_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL

#if defined (__ACE_INLINE__)
# include "ace/CDR_Stream.inl"
#else /* __ACE_INLINE__ */

ACE_BEGIN_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL

// Not used by CORBA or TAO
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::Char x);
// CDR output operators for primitive types

extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::Short x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::UShort x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::Long x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::ULong x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::LongLong x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::ULongLong x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR& os,
                                               ACE_CDR::LongDouble x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::Float x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_CDR::Double x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               const ACE_CDR::Fixed &x);

// CDR output operator from helper classes

extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_boolean x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_char x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_wchar x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_octet x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_string x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_wstring x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               const ACE_CDR::Char* x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               const ACE_CDR::WChar* x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_std_string x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               const std::string& x);
#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_OutputCDR::from_std_wstring x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os,
                                               const std::wstring& x);
#endif
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os, ACE_OutputCDR::from_uint8 x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_OutputCDR &os, ACE_OutputCDR::from_int8 x);

// Not used by CORBA or TAO
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Char &x);
// CDR input operators for primitive types

extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Short &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::UShort &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Long &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::ULong &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::LongLong &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::ULongLong &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::LongDouble &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Float &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Double &x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Fixed &x);

// CDR input operator from helper classes

extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_boolean x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_char x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_wchar x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_octet x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_string x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_wstring x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::Char*& x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               ACE_CDR::WChar*& x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_InputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_std_string x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               std::string& x);
#if !defined(ACE_LACKS_STD_WSTRING)
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator<< (ACE_InputCDR &os,
                                               ACE_InputCDR::to_std_wstring x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &is,
                                               std::wstring& x);
#endif
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &os, ACE_InputCDR::to_uint8 x);
extern ACE_Export ACE_CDR::Boolean operator>> (ACE_InputCDR &os, ACE_InputCDR::to_int8 x);

ACE_END_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL

#endif /* __ACE_INLINE__ */

#if defined (GEN_OSTREAM_OPS)

ACE_BEGIN_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL

// ostream insertion operators for debugging code generated from IDL. All
// but these below are either in generated code itself or are unambiguous
// primitive types.

ACE_Export std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &os,
                                     ACE_OutputCDR::from_boolean x);

ACE_Export std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &os,
                                     ACE_OutputCDR::from_char x);

ACE_Export std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &os,
                                     ACE_OutputCDR::from_wchar x);

ACE_Export std::ostream& operator<< (std::ostream &os,
                                     ACE_OutputCDR::from_octet x);

ACE_END_VERSIONED_NAMESPACE_DECL

#endif /* GEN_OSTREAM_OPS */

#include /**/ "ace/post.h"

#endif /* ACE_CDR_STREAM_H */
